{"id":169,"date":"2015-09-08T12:02:22","date_gmt":"2015-09-08T04:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/?p=169"},"modified":"2016-11-12T05:30:45","modified_gmt":"2016-11-11T21:30:45","slug":"week-2-action-research-ar-and-participatory-action-research-par","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/week-2-action-research-ar-and-participatory-action-research-par\/","title":{"rendered":"Action Research (AR) and Participatory Action Research (PAR)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Image: Action Research Protocol after Kemmis (cited in Hopkins, 1985)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Key text: Carr, W. &amp; Kemmis, S. (1986), Becoming Critical: education, knowledge and action research<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Stephen Kemmis has developed a simple model of the cyclical nature of the typical action research process.<\/p>\n<p>Each cycle has four steps: plan, act, observe, reflect.\u00a0Carr and Kemmis (1986) describe action research as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the improvement of practice<\/li>\n<li>the improvement of the understanding of practice<\/li>\n<li>the improvement of the situation in which the practice takes place<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The notion of improvement can be problematic when viewed from the outside. One person\u2019s improvement can be another person\u2019s deterioration. It depends on the beliefs and values underpinning the individual\u2019s perspective. Paradoxically, however, this uncertainty is perhaps the one truth of professional practice. Practice is contingent upon the practitioners\u2019 intentions, values and beliefs and the situation in which those elements are given form.<\/p>\n<p>Reference:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk\/resined\/actionresearch\/arhome.htm\">http:\/\/www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk\/resined\/actionresearch\/arhome.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>See more on PAR and AR by Valsa Koshy. <i>Action research for improving practice: A practical guide<\/i>. Sage, 2005. A useful chapter is available\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/sites\/default\/files\/upm-binaries\/36584_01_Koshy_et_al_Ch_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image: Action Research Protocol after Kemmis (cited in Hopkins, 1985) Key text: Carr, W. &amp; Kemmis, S. (1986), Becoming Critical: education, knowledge and action research Stephen Kemmis has developed a simple model of the cyclical nature of the typical action research process. Each cycle has four steps: plan, act, observe, reflect.\u00a0Carr and Kemmis (1986) describe &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/week-2-action-research-ar-and-participatory-action-research-par\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Action Research (AR) and Participatory Action Research (PAR)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-action-research","category-research-methods"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":665,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169\/revisions\/665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neuro-memento-mori.com\/teaching\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}